Dianne Ashton is professor of religion studies and the former director of American studies at Rowan University. Her most recent book, Hanukkah in America: A History (NYU Press), is now available. She is blogging here today for Jewish Book Council and MyJewishLearning.
This year Jewish Americans will participate in an extraordinary Hanukkah celebration – they will light the first menorah candle on the evening before Thanksgiving. This has never happened before, but we came very close to it in 1888. Then, the first Hanukkah light and Thanksgiving occurred on the same day. That year, the national Jewish newspaper, the American Hebrew, dedicated its November 30 issue to the “twofold feasts.” The issue was as much “a tribute to the historic significance of Chanuka” as to “the traditions entwined about Thanksgiving Day.” The editors hoped readers would find the newspaper to be “a stimulus to the joyousness and gladness upon the observance of both.” In previous years they had described Hanukkah as a festival to thank God for the Maccabean victory, and, seeing both Thanksgiving and Hanukkah as occasions for giving thanks to God, they easily encouraged American Jews to enthusiastically celebrate both events.
But most of the time, as we know, Hanukkah occurs at a time closer to Christmas. Most years, the American Hebrew’s Hanukkah message urged its readers not to join their fellow Americans in the national festivities because it was the celebration of Jesus’ birth that enchanted their gentile neighbors. Instead, that newspaper echoed the December messages of most other Jewish publications. Jewish newspapers, synagogue bulletins, women’s and men’s club letters, rabbinical sermons, and the urgings of educators and self-styled community leaders alike urged America’s Jews to make their Hanukkah celebrations as festive as possible.
Again and again, in the years since that early American Hebrew message, American Jews wove Hanukkah’s story into their own contemporary lives in ways that reflected their changing circumstances. Those retellings kept Hanukkah’s meaning alive and relevant. They turned the simple holiday rite into an event which, like other well-loved Jewish festivals, drew families together in their own homes where they could tailor the celebration to fit their own tastes in food and décor, and to reflect their own ideas about the holiday’s significance. They could indulge their children, and be joyous.
Will we ever celebrate Hanukkah and Thanksgiving together this way again? Almost. In 2070 Thanksgiving will fall on November 27th and Hanukkah will begin the following day. In 2165, we will light the first Hanukkah candle on November 28 — Thanksgiving Day. But for Hanukkah’s first light to occur the evening before Thanksgiving, as it does this year, is truly an anomaly we won’t see again.
Dianne Ashton is the author of five books, including the first modern biography of the education trailblazer, Rebecca Gratz (1997). She is also the co-editor of the widely read Four Centuries of Jewish Women’s Spirituality (1992), which was recently published in a revised version in 2009. Read more about her most recent book, Hanukkah in America: A History, here.
Dianne Ashton is professor of religion studies and the former director of American studies at Rowan University. She is the author of five books, including the first modern biography of the education trailblazer, Rebecca Gratz (1997). She is also the co-editor of the widely read Four Centuries of Jewish Women’s Spirituality (1992), which was recently published in a revised version in 2009.