HOWARD MARKEL, M.D., Ph.D., is the George E. Wantz Dis­tin­guished Pro­fes­sor of the His­to­ry of Med­i­cine and direc­tor of the Cen­ter for the His­to­ry of Med­i­cine at the Uni­ver­si­ty of Michi­gan. His books include Quar­an­tine!, When Germs Trav­el, and An Anato­my of Addic­tion. His arti­cles have appeared in The New York Times, Jour­nal of the Amer­i­can Med­ical Asso­ci­a­tion, and The New Eng­land Jour­nal of Med­i­cine, and he is a fre­quent con­trib­u­tor to Nation­al Pub­lic Radio. Markel is a mem­ber of the Insti­tute of Med­i­cine of the Nation­al Acad­e­my of Sci­ences, and lives in Ann Arbor, Michigan.